famous biological psychologists

Gardner was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1943. He received his bachelors degree in 1967 from Harvard College, and his Ph.D. in developmental psychology in 1973 from the University of California, Berkeley. Becks work has centered on the diagnosis and treatment of depression, anxiety, and phobia disorders. As the great economist John Maynard Keynes famously said: He might just as well have said psychologist. Buss works in the area known as evolutionary psychology. He received his bachelors degree summa cum laude in psychology in 1981 from the University of Colorado Denver, and his Ph.D. in social psychology in 1985 from Princeton University. Throughout his career, Nadel has worked on the neural underpinnings of memory, though he has also branched out into other fields, such as the neurobiology and treatment of Down Syndrome. Schrgers own work has focused on audition (the sense of hearing) in relation to attention, perception, and memory. an influential American psychologist whose most famous work occurred during the early 20th century at Johns Hopkins University (Figure 1.6). The author or co-author of several hundred peer-reviewed research articles, Baddeley is the co-author of a prominent textbook, Memory, and has authored, co-authored, or edited numerous other influential volumes in the field. He is currently Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. 2748. He received his bachelors degree in psychology summa cum laude in 1972 from Yale University (where he studied with Endel Tulving), and his Ph.D. in psychology in 1975 from Stanford University (where Gordon Bower was his advisor). Gilligan (ne Friedman) was born in New York City in 1936. He has described this experience in the following terms: Being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. . In 1995, Shepard received the National Medal of Science. In 2015, he was elected a Member of the Academy of Europe. Lesions can be placed with relatively high accuracy thanks to a variety of brain "atlases" which provide a map of brain regions in three-dimensional stereotactic coordinates. He is currently Co-Director of the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations, sponsored by Rutgers University, and Board Member Emeritus of the Mind and Life Institute. In developing her ideas, she came to characterize male morality as primarily rule-based and focused on the individual as the primary bearer of rights and duties and as the locus of judgments of moral desert; whereas women, she held, reason morally from a care perspective that is primarily concerned with empathy and compassion, and focused on needs, relationships, and group interests. He received his bachelors degree in 1956 from University College London, and his masters degree in psychology in 1957 from Princeton University. With a citation h-index that puts him in the 95th percentile of all scientists working in the biomedical field, Berridge has won many honors, including (in 2011) election as Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and (in 2016) receipt of the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award bestowed by the American Psychological Association(APA). However, he has also done significant work in the more traditional fields of personality psychology that deal with unhappiness. Her professional work has always focused on the emotions, primarily from a biological and cognitive point of view. Eleanor Rosch, Principles of Categorization [PDF], in Eleanor Rosch and Barbara B. Lloyd, eds., Cognition and Categorization. . Note that the evolutionary psychologist Geoffrey F. Miller should not be confused with either the NYU Law Professor Geoffrey P. Miller or the bioethicist and Yale Professor Emeritus of Pediatric Neurology, GeoffreyMiller. She has also been deeply involved in developing new methods for studying the emotions, notably the experience sampling method, which is an effort to quantify and measure the quality of everyday life. 9. Fahrenberg was born in Berlin in 1937. Sternberg is best known for his influential triarchic theory of intelligence, which represented a radical break with the overwhelmingly psychometric approach that had dominated the study of human intelligence up to that time, in favor of a more developmental, cognitive, and biological approach. He was elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2004, and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991. Wiesel. "Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint. In The Blank Slate (2002), Pinker widened the discussion to include the ramifications of our inborn biological nature more generally, by looking at the history of the nature/nurture debate and arguing vigorously that since the balance of the scientific evidence weighs heavily in favor of nature, scientists ought to be at the forefront of efforts to ameliorate the human condition. The Posner cueing task enables very precise measurement of reaction times using a special visual field chart he developed that interacts with the EOG device. Bandura first came to prominence for his work on aggression, particularly in children and adolescents. Gopnik, who has been much concerned with philosophical issues throughout her career, realized that this discovery gave substantial backing to the rationalist (or nature), side-against the empiricist (or nurture) sideof the venerable philosophical debate about the origins of human knowledge. Psychology Is Ever-Evolving Learn More John Broadus Watson John B. Watson was a U.S. psychologist who is regarded as the father of behaviorism because of his publication from 1913, Psychology As The Behaviorist Views It. John Gierland, Go with the Flow, Wired, September 1, 1996. In 1949, he emigrated to Canada, where he obtained his bachelors and masters degrees in psychology at the University of Toronto. Anderson also engaged in careful experimental studies, using fMRI technology, in an effort to provide empirical support for his theoretical models. 11. Welcome to a new edition of the Famous Interviews with Joe Dimino series .. On this episode, we talk with Mental Health Advocate & Writer Maggie Kelly .. She is a writer who focuses on mental health and personal development. After graduating, Shepard worked for a time at Bell Labs, before accepting a teaching position at Harvard University. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS). While this early psycholinguistics research won Pinker a solid reputation among his peers, it was his writings for a popular audience that made him a household name among the wider educated public. with our physical limitations in mind, so too ought we to design our social world of educational, financial, legal, and political institutions with our cognitive limitations in mind. Schmid Mast has published over 100 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters during the past 10 years alone (20072017), and is the author or co-editor of three books. After all, we humans cannot help being curious about ourselves-about what makes us tickand these 50 individuals are acknowledged experts in precisely that topic. Pinker was also involved during the 1980s in a significant, if highly technical, dispute over connectionist models of mind and speech. To be happy, Haidt argues, we must re-train our social moral intuitions, and to do that, we need to consciously cultivate the wise traits, including insight into the appropriate occasions for reciprocity, the ability to change ones mind, humility, discrimination about the different kinds of love, turning adversity to advantage, the pursuit of virtue, and a sense of the divine, among others. Generalizing from such laboratory studies, Loftus concluded that human memories are constantly being reconstructed, and hence are far more malleable and open to suggestion than previously thought. Rosch is the author or co-author of many peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and the co-author or co-editor of two books. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. motivation: Physiological, psychological, and philosophical approaches, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/biological-psychology, Verywell Mind - Studying the Brain and Behavior in Biopsychology. Since 2014, she has written a regular column for Skeptic magazine under the title, The Gadfly. Kagan began his career working on longitudinal studies designed to reveal whether early childhood experiences have lasting effects on the development of personality. He is perhaps best known for his multiple components model of working memory (the Baddeley Model), in which working (or short-term) memory is further analyzed into a central executive component and certain slave systems under its control, for example, the so-called phonological loop, which allows us to rehearse complex linguistic information to maintain its availability for working memory, and the visuo-spatial scratchpad, which stores information about the physical environment for use in the construction of mental maps. Lewis originally intended to become a doctor, but never received his medical degree. Moreover, he rejects the ideal of rationality usually associated with the social sciences, pointing out that such ideals themselves derive from particular historically and culturally bound structures. Tomasellos research has been focused on the question of what makes human beings so different from all other animals. Tomasello has been elected a fellow of the national academies of science of Germany, Hungary, and Sweden. As he summarizes the point: Less is expected of the young, and in turn less is received. After spending the war years in hiding in Nazi-occupied France, the family emigrated to Israel permanently in 1948. Segal, Nancy L and Tellegen, Auke. Developing new methods to improve mental health. In philosophy, the first issues is how to approach what is known as the "mind-body problem," namely the explanation of the relationship, if any, that obtains between minds, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes. One of the earliest textbooks in the new field, The Principles of Psychology by William James (1890), argues that the scientific study of psychology should be grounded in an understanding of biology: Bodily experiences, therefore, and more particularly brain-experiences, must take a place amongst those conditions of the mental life of which Psychology need take account. R.N. He has developed a highly detailed atlas of emotions linked to more than 10,000 distinguishable facial expressions. In this work, Schrger has elucidated the sensory and neural underpinnings of the human ability to interpret extremely rapid and complex auditory information, such as speech, on the basis of the optimization of predictive modeling, which is based in turn on regularities in environmental stimuli (in other words, past experience). It also addresses topics such as behavior-changing brain lesions, chemical responses in the brain, and brain-related genetics. His perceptive observations of animals resulted in his famous book on natural selection, which started an evolutionary revolution in the world of science. Training for most of these positions requires a doctorate. Blooms early work was primarily in language acquisition-the process by which infants and toddlers come to acquire the ability to understand and produce human speech. Freud is often identified as one of psychology's most famous psychologists, but he is also seen as one of the most notorious. In more recent years, he has been involved in the development of intelligent tutoring systems. He received his Ph.D. in experimental psychology in 1957 from Harvard University. Following a one-year internship at the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute, a teaching hospital which is part of the Department of Psychiatry of the University of California, San Francisco, Ekman obtained his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Adelphi University in 1958. Tulving was born in the town of Petseri in the short-lived first Republic of Estonia in 1927. Berridges work is situated in close proximity to neuroscience, and concentrates on the neural correlates of human conscious affective states-pleasure, pain, joy, sorrow, elation, depression, and so forthas well as learning, decision-making, addictive behavior, and allied topics. His father was an immigrant to Canada from Poland, while his mother hailed from Ukraine. In another example, Ekman has done extensive work on the differences between spontaneous (genuine) and simulated (deceptive) emotions which may be detected in facial expressions. NEW! Haidt was born in New York City in 1963. Description: Too many faves & can't decide? He is undoubtedly best known as the person primarily responsible for the cognitive approach to therapy for depression, which in its modern form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become the gold standard for the clinical treatment of depression, with a much higher success rate than other types of psychotherapy. All other life circumstances (education, marital status, financial status, etc.) Biological psychology has continually been involved in studying the physical basis for the reception of internal and external stimuli by the nervous system, particularly the visual and auditory systems. He received his bachelors degree in 1972 from New York University, and his Ph.D. in Personality, Psychopathology, and Psychophysiology in 1976 from Harvard University, where he worked with Daniel Goleman. In addition, he has occupied a number of provostships, deanships, and other administrative posts, as well as serving for a time as President of the University of Wyoming. Loftus and her work rocketed to fame in the early 1990s when she gave expert testimony in a series of court cases involving the phenomenon of so-called repressed memory. She is currently Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is perhaps best known for his ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) proposal regarding the hypothetical computational structures underlying human general intelligence. Finally, in recent years Diener has begun to explore some of the implications of his findings for politics and public policy, notably in a widely read paper he co-wrote with Martin Seligman (see below), Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being.[3]. She is currently Marshall L. Berkman Professor of Psychology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, as well as a member of Harvards Graduate School of Education and Director of the universitys Laboratory for Developmental Studies. The slow system, on the other hand, allows us to reflect upon our experience in a more relaxed and thoughtful way. Haidts work has focused on the social effects of various aspects of moral judgment and subconscious decision-making. Psychophysics (or experimental psychology) was pioneered by German scientists such as Gustav Fechner (18011887), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821--1894), and Wilhelm Wundt (1832--1920). Csikszentmihlyi is the author or co-author of about 250 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as the author, co-author, or editor of some 20 books. Davidsons basic claim is that our modern understanding of the plasticity of the brain implies that the mind can be trained to achieve more positive affective states. He is currently Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Oregon, as well as a Member of the Institute of Neuroscience there. Some schools of psychology are almost strictly Darwinian, such as ethological psychology (the most famous 20th century ethological psychologist is Konrad Lorenz) and evolutionary psychology. Wundt is widely considered to be the "Father of Psychology" because he established formal psychology as a science rather than an extension of philosophy or biology. He then received his doctorate in 1991 and his Habilitation in 1996, both in psychology and both from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt. On the contrary, Diener has found that many people do not bounce back from devastating life events, and never return to their previous level of subjective well-being. Darwin was the father of evolutionary psychology. The functional roles of the simpler operations can then be more easily studied individually using the techniques already mentioned. Szokolszky has published numerous peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, both in Hungarian and in English, many with the aim of making her countrymen better acquainted with the discipline of ecological psychology. After a seventh-grade course in biology, she became fascinated with genetics and what shapes a human. Soon, however, she felt that another component was needed-religious faith. The laboratory, which since 2014 has been located at the University of Lausannes HEC, uses immersive virtual reality both to study human social interaction behavior and also for interpersonal skills training. [3] Avicenna also gave psychological explanations for certain somatic illnesses, and he always linked the physical and psychological illnesses together. Beck was also an important contributor to the theory of learned helplessness. According to the theory, many common IQ tests themselves fail to distinguish adequately between linguistic intelligence (verbal fluency), logico-mathematical intelligence (numeracy), and spatial intelligence (the ability to manipulate 2- and 3-D shapes), while several other types of intelligence are not measured at all by standard tests, including kinesthetic intelligence (athletic ability), interpersonal intelligence (social/emotional skill), intrapersonal intelligence (self-knowledge), and aesthetic intelligence (artistic/musical ability). 15. Gilbert works at the intersection of social psychology and cognitive psychology, with a focus on the way in which cognitive biases regarding the projected impact of individual choices on happiness (affective forecasting) may have wide-ranging societal and political implications. Meltzoff is the author or co-author of more than 150 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and has co-authored or edited four books, including three in collaboration with Alison Gopnik (see above). Perhaps most controversial of all, however, is Millers 2013 Edge article praising Chinas eugenics policy and by implication advocating a similar policy for the US. Seligman has received a great many awards, prizes, grants, fellowships, and honorary degrees, and has served on numerous boards of academic journals and other public and private institutions. Tomasello was born in Bartow, Florida, in 1950. Berridge was born in 1957. Skinner, B. F. (1959) Cumulative record. For many decades, biopsychology or psychobiology has been a site of exchange of concepts, information, and techniques between psychology and the biological sciences. Through all these methods, biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. In other work, Shepard has conducted experiments on the auditory system. The recipient of numerous awards, grants, fellowships, invited lectureships, visiting professorships, board membership appointments, and honorary degrees, Csikszentmihlyi is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the American Psychological Society(APS). He is currently Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Management at Claremont Graduate University. However, the studies Ekman has carried out to back up these claims have come under sustained criticism. The PRG also developed innovative forms of physiological monitoring of subjects, known as ambulatory monitoring or ambulatory assessment, to assist in research on behavior in everyday situations. On experimental and theoretical grounds, Tulving predicted that two distinct modules must exist within the overarching memory system: episodic memory, which is our ability to remember faces, places, objects, and so on that are familiar to us, as well as events that have occurred to us in the past; and semantic memory, which is our ability to recall linguistically mediated facts, such as names and dates, meanings of words and concepts, historical events, and so forth. Seligman, Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2004, July, 5(1): 131. He is currently Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Public Affairs at Princeton Universitys Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He explained that "humidity" inside the head can contribute to mood disorders, and he recognized that this occurs when the amount of "breath" changes: Happiness increases the breath, which leads to increased moisture inside the brain, but if this moisture goes beyond its limits, the brain would lose control over its rationality and lead to mental disorders.[4]. But we believe the article has some value even beyond the inherent fascination of the subject of psychology itself. In 2000, he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award for lifetime achievement from the American Psychological Association(APA). Carefully designed behavioral experiments and innovative biomedical techniques have been essential to its progress. Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (Viking, 1963). With time, however, Bandura increasingly abandoned external-force theories of learning and behavior in favor of an internal, self-organizing model which viewed the human being as possessed of genuine agency. Rutter pointed to many other factors besides the quality of mothering that may have a demonstrable influence on healthy psychological development, including genetic endowment, the wider family, the school, and various other social, institutional, and ecological environments. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge in 1962. Thus, he has situated himself at a point of intersection among the social, cognitive, personality, and clinical sub-fields of psychology. He is currently the Brooks and Suzanne Ragen Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Yale University. Sternberg has also been the founder, editor-in-chief, associate editor, consulting editor, contributing editor, or member of the editorial of some 50 academic journals. In 2010, he was invited to give the prestigious Tanner Lectures on Human Values at the University of Michigan.

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