margaret hamilton biography

Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace. [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. Without exaggeration, it could be said that the heroes of the arrival to the Moon were four: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Margaret Hamilton. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? It turned out that the astronaut checklist, which governed the actions the crew had to do before landing, had the crew set the rendezvous radar hardware switch in the wrong position. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. Hamilton costarred opposite Buster Keaton and Richard Cromwell in a 1940s spoof of the long-running local melodrama The Drunkard, titled The Villain Still Pursued Her. In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. With the error addressed, the lunar landings for Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were made possible. Her Gramercy Park neighbor Sybil Daneman reported that Hamilton loved children but they were often afraid to meet her because of her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. She is one of the people credited with coining the term "software engineering". Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. [38] Paul Curto, senior technologist who nominated Hamilton for a NASA Space Act Award, called Hamilton's work "the foundation for ultra-reliable software design".[23]. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. [59] Over time the term "software engineering" gained the same respect as any other technical discipline. We have estimated In 1976, Hamilton co-founded with Saydean Zeldin a company called Higher Order Software (HOS)[40] to further develop ideas about error prevention and fault tolerance emerging from their experience at MIT working on the Apollo program. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Hat, Coat and Glove. Margaret Elaine Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. [4], Hamilton then joined the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory at MIT, which worked on the Apollo Space Mission. Margaret Heafield Hamilton is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. [81][80] She briefly taught high school mathematics and French at a public school in Boston, Indiana. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. Hamilton left MIT in the mid-1970s to work in the private sector. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!" What followed next were brief messages from Apollo 11 to Robledo de Chabela in Spain; and from Spain to Houston, where Margaret was; from Houston to Robledo; and from Robledo to Apollo 11. Biography. She was 82 years old. And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. Her father, Thomas Storey, was the founder of the Stanford University School of Health. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. and they continued. Hamilton never remarried. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1965 Margaret was named responsible for the development of the flight software for the computers that would go on board the Apollo spacecraft. Margaret Hamilton (educator) (1871-1969), American educator Margaret Hamilton (actress) (1902-1985), American film character actress Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) (born 1936), American software engineer Margaret Hamilton (publisher) (1941-2022), Australian publisher of children's literature Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. MIT Museum: Margaret Hamilton Apollo Photos. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language (USL) and its associated automated environment, the 001 Tool Suite, based on her paradigm of development before the fact for systems design and software development.[32][51][52]. Required fields are marked *. Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American Computer Scientist, Biography of Elizabeth Barrett, British poet, Biography of Ursula von der Leyen, German politician, Biography of Isabel Zendal, Spanish nurse, Biography of Sheila Herrero, Spanish athlete, Biography of Genoveva Torres, Spanish religious. [16][18] These made her code incredibly reliable because they helped programmers identify and fix anomalies before they became major problems.[26]. Would spoof her famous role of The Wicked Witch of The West in a 1976 Paul Lynde Halloween Special for television. Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. [36], Hamilton's priority alarm displays interrupted the astronauts' normal displays to warn them that there was an emergency "giving the astronauts a go/no go decision (to land or not to land)". She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. She was born on August 17, 1936, which makes Margaret Hamilton age be 82 years old as of now. They liked to kid me about my radical ideas. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. NY 10036. Design & Development: Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. She appeared in The Phil Silvers Show episode S2E20 Bilko Enters Politics (05 February 1957). Hamilton's plain looks helped to bring steady work as a character actress. Margaret Hamilton was born in 1936 in the United States. [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). They're scared. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. "[64][65], In 2019, to celebrate 50 years to the Apollo landing, Google decided to make a tribute to Hamilton. Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. Also learn how She earned most of Margaret Hamilton networth? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The character is considered to be one of the screen's greatest and most memorable villains of all time. Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. It even printed out its answers in Latin and Greek. It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. I said, 'Yes?' Your email address will not be published. By some accounts, the astronauts had inadvertently left the rendezvous radar switch on, causing these alarms to be triggered (the claim that the radar was left on inadvertently by the astronauts is disputed by Robert Wills with the National Museum of Computing[29]). If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was. Starred in the live on-stage musical "A Little Night Music" (with actress Jean Simmons in the lead role) during the mid-1970s in San Francisco. My Little Chickadee. Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. In 1939, Hamilton played the role of the Wicked Witch of the West, opposite Judy Garland's Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz, creating not only her most famous role, but also one of the screen's most memorable villains. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. She spent 11 days in hospital and her legs were permanently scarred. Zeitlin, Arnold. Margaret Hamilton. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. She knew everything about these vital programs. Earlham College, Richmond. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. She is from USA. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. Hamilton was the recipient of various honours, including NASAs Exceptional Space Act Award (2003). Hamilton, M.; Hackler, W. R. (2004). When she was studying at Earlham College, she met James Hamilton. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. She portrayed the sister of Witchiepoo from H.R. In 2009, she received the Outstanding Alumni Award by. Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. We had to find a way and we did. We had to find a way and we did. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.[1]. It was an ongoing joke for a long time. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). DAAAE30-02-D-1020 and DAAB07-98-D-H502/0180, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 20032004. She coined the term software engineer because she felt that the work she and her team were doing was just as important and just as much engineering as the other work on the Apollo spacecraft. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. [81][14] The couple then moved to Boston, Massachusetts,[14] where they had a daughter, Lauren, born on November 10, 1959. Soon after, Neil Armstrong radioed the expected message to Houston: The Eagle has landed, The Eagle has landed. [14] On October 30, 1975, she guest-starred on the radio revival series CBS Radio Mystery Theater. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. At the time, no schools taught software engineering, so the team members had to work out any problems on their own. Margaret Hamilton Storey (July 31, 1900 - October 18, 1960) was an American museum curator, herpetologist and ichthyologist.She worked for the Stanford University Natural History Museum for over 25 years. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. [30][31][32] The program alarms indicated "executive overflows", meaning the guidance computer could not complete all of its tasks in real time and had to postpone some of them. What I do?!!! Biography. This depended on our assigning a unique priority to every process in the software in order to ensure that all of its events would take place in the correct order and at the right time relative to everything else that was going on. She is best known for playing the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz.In movies, she often played older, unmarried women from New England who was extremely practical but did not enjoy jokes. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. Click here if you want to see this biography in Spanish translation. In March 1986, she founded Hamilton Technologies, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [63] Hamilton's innovations go beyond the feats of playing an important role in getting humans to the Moon. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! 1. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. The Opportunity of a Lifetime. "It quickly became clear that the software was not only informing everyone that there was a hardware-related problem, but that the software was compensating for it. After graduating in 1958, she taught high-school mathematics for a short time. As the alarms went off and priority displays replaced normal ones, the actual switchover to new programmes behind the screens was happening "a step slower" than it would today. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. On April 28, 2017, she received the Computer History Museum Fellow Award, which honors exceptional men and women whose computing ideas have changed the world. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. [3], Hamilton made her screen debut in the MGM film Another Language (1933) starring Helen Hayes and Robert Montgomery. Margaret Hamilton was born Margaret Heafield on August 17, 1936 in Paoli, Indiana. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . Hamilton was a regular parishioner of the Presbyterian church. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. Her name was clearly visible when the entire Apollo 11 source code was released on GitHub in 2016; according to MIT, the first full line of the software read, "SUBMITTED: MARGARET H. HAMILTON DATE: 28 MAR 69 / M.H.HAMILTON, COLOSSUS PROGRAMMING LEADER / APOLLO GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION.". It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. Even adolescents. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals and retained a lifelong commitment to public education. She grew up during a time when very few women studied computer science, but Hamilton knew she wanted to write code. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). Had one child, son, Hamilton Wadsworth Meserve, on June 12, 1936. And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. As Neil Armstrong was already preparing to bring the ship down, the computer started displaying two errors: error 1201 and error 1202. From 1961 to 1963, she worked at MIT on an unknown aircraft trajectory tracking project. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. However, in By Your Leave (1934), she plays his housekeeper, and in Saratoga (1937), she has a colloquy with Morgan regarding a cosmetic product he invented (with side glances and eye rolls by Morgan as to its effect on her "beauty"). Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Credit: Courtesy MIT Museum Margaret Hamilton's Apollo Code A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Bill Dunford For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. The couple then moved to Boston. It was her code that enabled the human race to travel to the moon and back. [22][16] Another part of her team designed and developed the systems software. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Not because of his acceptance of the new 'term' per se, but because we had earned his and the acceptance of the others in the room as being in an engineering field in its own right. [62] Writing in Wired, Robert McMillan noted: "At MIT she assisted in the creation of the core principles in computer programming as she worked with her colleagues in writing code for the world's first portable computer". Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. On December 23, 1938, Hamilton suffered a second-degree burn on her face and a third-degree burn on her hand during a second take of her fiery exit from Munchkinland in which the trap door's drop was delayed to eliminate the brief glimpse of it seen in the final edit. Hamilton said: What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Credit: Deansfa Marriage and family of Margaret Hamilton And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' By 1968, she was in charge of all Command Module software, which was all the software for navigation and lunar landing guidance. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Devising, writing, testing, and testing these routines was quite commendable. more information Accept. The contract was awarded just weeks before then-President John F. Kennedy announced that he planned to have humans on the moon by the end of the decade. For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see.

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